Objective
Students shall be able to collect blood by vein puncture.
Principle
Vein puncture is used to collect blood for various tests.
Requirements
1. Disposable syringe (3ml, 5ml, 10ml ) and needle
2. Tourniquet
3. Spirit swab
4. Anticoagulant bulbs –
EDTA Bulb – This bulb is used for cell counts, hemoglobin estimation, etc.
Fluoride Bulb – This bulb is used for blood sugar level estimation.
Double Oxalate Bulb – It is also used for hematological studies.
5. Sites of blood collection
Antecubital fossa
Procedure
Preparation:
Wash hands thoroughly.
Assemble all necessary supplies.
Verify patient’s identity and confirm the blood test requested.
Patient Preparation:
Ask the patient to sit or lie down comfortably.
Identify a suitable vein (usually in the arm).
Tourniquet Application:
Apply a tourniquet a few inches above the selected vein.
Ask the patient to make a fist.
Skin Disinfection:
Clean the puncture site with an alcohol swab.
Allow it to air dry to prevent contamination.
Needle Insertion:
Hold the collection tube or syringe and needle at a slight angle (15-30 degrees).
Insert the needle into the vein with a quick, smooth motion.
Blood Collection:
Allow blood to flow into the collection tube or syringe.
Adjust the tourniquet if necessary to maintain blood flow.
Tube Changes:
If multiple tubes are needed, change them as necessary.
Follow the recommended order for tube collection.
Needle Removal:
Once blood is collected, release the tourniquet.
Remove the needle carefully.
Apply Pressure:
Place an adhesive bandage or cotton ball over the puncture site.
Ask the patient to apply pressure to the site for a few minutes to stop bleeding.
Dispose of Waste:
Safely dispose of used needles and collection tubes in a designated sharps container.
Label Samples:
Label each blood collection tube with patient information and test details.
Observations
The procedure used to collect blood by vein is described in the form of images as follows
Post-Procedure Care
- Ensure the patient is comfortable and not experiencing any adverse effects. 2. Document the procedure in the patient’s medical record
Complication
Pain and Discomfort:
Some individuals may experience mild to moderate pain or discomfort at the site of needle insertion. This is usually temporary and resolves quickly.
Bruising:
Bruising can occur at the puncture site due to damage to blood vessels during the needle insertion. It typically resolves on its own but may be more pronounced in individuals with clotting disorders.
Hematoma:
In some cases, blood can accumulate under the skin at the puncture site, forming a hematoma. This may cause localized swelling and tenderness and may require medical attention if it becomes large.
Infection:
Although rare, there is a risk of infection at the puncture site. Proper sterilization of the area and sterile equipment are essential to minimize this risk.
Fainting or Dizziness:
Some individuals may experience vasovagal syncope, a sudden drop in blood pressure, leading to fainting or dizziness during or after blood collection. This is more common in people who have a fear of needles or blood.
Arterial Puncture:
In rare instances, the needle may accidentally puncture an artery instead of a vein, leading to more significant bleeding and potential complications. Proper technique and training are essential to minimize this risk.
Also Read
References
- “Hoffbrand’s Essential Haematology” by A. Victor Hoffbrand, Paul A.H. Moss, and John E. Pettit: This is a comprehensive and highly regarded textbook that covers the fundamental principles of hematology.
- “Williams Hematology” by Kenneth Kaushansky, Marshall A. Lichtman, Josef T. Prchal, Marcel M. Levi, Oliver W. Press, and Linda J. Burns: This is a renowned textbook that provides in-depth coverage of both clinical and basic aspects of hematology.
- “Wintrobe’s Clinical Hematology” by John P. Greer, Daniel A. Arber, Bertil E. Glader, Alan F. List, Robert T. Means Jr., Frixos Paraskevas, George M. Rodgers, and Michael H. Schmitt: This classic text has been a staple in the field of hematology for many years and offers comprehensive information on various hematological disorders.
- “Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice” by Ronald Hoffman, Edward J. Benz Jr., Leslie E. Silberstein, Helen Heslop, John Anastasi, and Jeffrey Weitz: This textbook provides a detailed overview of the principles and practice of hematology, including the latest advancements in the field.
- “Clinical Hematology and Fundamentals of Hemostasis” by Denise M. Harmening: This book is a good choice for those looking for a comprehensive guide to both clinical hematology and hemostasis.
- “Rodak’s Hematology: Clinical Principles and Applications” by Elaine M. Keohane, Larry Smith, and Jeanine M. Walenga: This text focuses on the clinical application of hematology concepts and includes practical information for laboratory professionals.
- “Hematology in Clinical Practice” by Robert S. Hillman, Kenneth A. Ault, and Henry M. Rinder: This book is designed for healthcare professionals and provides a practical approach to hematology in a clinical setting.
- “Consultative Hematology: An Issue of Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America” edited by Mikkael A. Sekeres and Christopher R. Cogle: This book focuses on the consultative aspects of hematology and is a valuable resource for clinicians.